Zatvor je ustanova gdje se izvršavaju zatvorske kazne po pravosnažnoj i izvršnoj presudi suda. U zatvoru se osobama ograničava sloboda u onoj meri u kojoj je to neophodno da bi se svrha kažnjavanja ostvarila.
Zatvori se diele na Kazneno popravne zavode i Okružne zatvore. Kazneno popravni zavodi se dele na zavode zatvorenog tipa, zavod za žene i zavod za maloletna lica. Svi zavodi (zatvori) se dele, prema tipu obezbeđenja, na zatvore zatvorenog, poluotvorenog i otvorenog tipa ili (i) imaju odelenja zatvorenog, poluotvorenog i otvorenog tipa. Podela zatvora i podela odeljenja unutar zatvora ima za svrhu individualizaciju zatvorske kazne.
Glavne službe u zatvorima su služba za obezbeđenje i služba za prevaspitanje. Nauka koja se bavi zatvorskim sistemima naziva se penologija.
Lice koje izdržava zatvorsku kaznu naziva se osuđeno lice. Pored formalnog zatvorskog sistema u svakom zatvoru postoji i neformalni zatvorski sistem koji stvaraju osuđena lica.
A prison or jail is a facility in which individuals are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state as a form of punishment. The most common use of prisons is as part of a criminal justice system, in which individuals officially charged with or convicted of crimes are confined to a jail or prison until they are either brought to trial to determine their guilt or complete the period of incarceration they were sentenced to after being found guilty at their trial.
Outside of their use for punishing civil times, authoritarian regimes also frequently use prisons and jails as tools of political repression to punish political crimes, often without trial or other legal due process; this use is illegal under most forms of international law governing fair administration of justice. In times of war or conflict, prisoners of war may also be detained in military prisons orprisoner of war camps, and large groups of civilians might be imprisoned in internment camps
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